Using geotagged tweets, researchers were able to predict, within a few kilometers, where the first coronavirus case in the United Kingdom would appear.”When we saw the map for the first time, I can tell you that we were kind of shocked,” Donal Bisanzio, senior epidemiologist at A man wears a protective mask as he looks at his mobile phone, following the outbreak of the new coronavirus, in Hong Kong, China, Feb. 10, 2020.Are you ready?In addition, 10 Twitter users from Wuhan appeared in cities in the United States, including near Seattle, Los Angeles and Tucson, Arizona. All of those cities have reported coronavirus cases.Though the tweets and the coronavirus cases were separated by years, three-quarters of the posts came from within 15 kilometers of where a coronavirus patient later turned up. Travel patterns did not change much in that time, he said.Bisanzio cautioned that just because a traveler from Wuhan showed up in a city six years ago, “that doesn’t mean that you have high risk of getting the virus.””But, of course,” he added, “it also means, be careful. Are you sure that your country is ready?”For the past decade or so, researchers have been using mobile phone data to draw detailed maps of where and when people travel, whether it’s between countries or within cities. They’re generally not looking to track individual people. Rather, they aim to understand broad patterns and pathways of population movement.This information has helped scientists understand the spread of A man wearing a face mask checks his mobile phone while riding a subway in the morning after the extended Lunar New Year holiday caused by the coronavirus outbreak, in Beijing, Feb. 10, 2020.Surveillance stateResearchers are required to strip identifying information out of the data before they work with it, and the data is often a year or more old.In China, however, authorities are using mobile phone information as well as facial recognition software to monitor individual patients and suspected cases in real time, according to The Wall Street Journal. Officials tracked one infected person across the city of Nanjing minute by minute and published the details of the patient’s travels on social media to warn residents that they may have been infected if they crossed paths.”We’re at an interesting moment,” said Steve Feldstein, an expert on technology and repression at Boise State University and a nonresident fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.While China’s surveillance state is generally considered a tool of repression, “the same set of systems can provide a lot of useful, granular, real time information when it comes to the spread  of a very fast moving and unsettling epidemic,” he said.Liberty vs. healthIn the United States, experts say mobile phone data would likely be fair game for public health and law enforcement officials if the outbreak were to spread here.The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that officials need a really good reason to collect that data, given how sensitive it is.”You’re contemplating a potential deprivation of liberty” for the person whose data is being collected, said Sharon Bradford Franklin, policy director of the Open Technology Institute at New America, a policy research organization. “You could have your travel restricted, you could be under quarantine, which is a real deprivation of liberty, just like being locked up in jail.””A public health crisis, like this coronavirus seems to be, might provide the sufficient compelling public interest,” she added, but there would need to be strong limits on who could access the data and why, and limits on how long officials could hold onto it.”You might want to permit it, but only with justification and with robust safeguards,” Franklin said.
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